Lastest Cardiac Surgery at World Best Hospitals in India

Cardiac & Cardiothoracic Surgery - Cardiac Bypass Surgery in India

Popularly known as the Bypass Surgery, Cardiac bypass implanting a healthy or working blood vessel from any other part of the body to bypass the blocked vessel. The heart surgeons in India are highly experienced to perform a CABG or heart bypass surgery. India offers great value proposition to patients looking for affordable Heart surgery or Cardiac surgery abroad as not only the cost of cardiac bypass surgery in India is very low, the facilities and infrastructure is most modern and is counted among the best heart hospitals in the world. The blockages in the arteries grow with the deposition of fat. This process is called as Artherosclerosis. These blockages obstruct the free flow of the blood to the various parts of the heart leading to severe chest pain (known as angina) or a heart attack in the later stages.Today Cardiology treatment in India has come up as a suitable option in order to get rid of any of the heart defects as the cost in India of any of the treatments is the best and that too at rates which are absolutely affordable. Because of these benefits of choosing in India, any of the treatments, many foreigners have come down here in order to solve their trouble of heart diseases. 

HeartValve Replacement

When repair is not an option, replacing your damaged heart valve may be the most effective treatment for your condition. Also known as Heart Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Replacement, is a cardiac surgery procedure in:-

• Ring Annuloplasty - In this procedure the surgeon repairs the ring-like part around the valve by stitching a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue around the valve.
• Valve repair - In this one or more leaflets of the valve is trimmed, shaped, or rebuild. The leaflets are the flaps that are responsible for opening and closing of the valve.

Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery 

Pediatric cardiothoracic Surgery is a kind of heart surgery that is performed children for repairing heart defects which occur at the time of birth which are known as congenital heart diseases. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery is necessary for the well-being of the child.

This surgery is done to take care of various diseases in children such as Artrial Septal Defect (ASD), Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Total correction or Four Abnormality correction (TOF). 

Heart Surgery Procedures performed with Excellent Outcomes:-

• CABG - Minimally Invasive Valve & Coronary Heart Bypass Techniques.
• Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB)
• Mitral & Aortic Valve repair & restoration surgery
• Aortic dissection surgery
• Transmyocardial laser revascularization
• Congenital and Pediatric heart surgery
• Heart failure surgery- Ventricular restoration and Ventricular assist Devices
• Carotid endarterectomy
• Peripheral vascular procedures
• Atrial Fibrillation & Arrhythmia surgery 

  Robotic Heart Surgery inIndia

The most advanced technology for minimally invasive heart surgery is now available in India. Robotic da Vinci Surgical System combines superior 3D visualization along with greatly enhanced dexterity, precision and control in an intuitive, ergonomic interface with breakthrough surgical capabilities.In Robotic Cardiac Surgery, robotic assist the heart surgeon in performing surgery through tiny incisions. The surgeon has to sit in an operating room where he controls the instruments while looking at 3D images from the camera which is inside the patient. Various procedures can be performed in this case such as mitral valve replacement or repair, correction of HOCM etc. Use of Robotic Surgery in Cardiology has benefits as it involves less pain, scarring and risk that are otherwise involved. The surgeon can perform surgery through tiny openings in the chest, cracking the breastbone and spreading the ribs. 

Minimally Invasive Surgery

Much modern cardiothoracic surgery is performed with the help of highly advanced machines that are operated externally by a surgeon. The main advantage to these machines is that they can operate through very small incisions, and this dramatically shortens the recovery time of a patient. The most advanced machines are even able to react intelligently to changes in the patient’s body. For instance, some machines can adapt to the beating of a heart, moving their arms in synch with it, so that to the surgeon operating the machine it appears as if the heart is stationary.

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Want to Know More about Heart Attack, the Risk Factors, Symptoms - Heart Attack FAQ

Heart attacks are a leading killer of both men and women . The good news is that excellent treatments are available for heart attacks. These treatments can save lives and prevent disabilities.

Heart attack treatment works best when it's given right after symptoms occur.

WHATIS A HEART ATTACK?

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. The medical term for this is myocardial infarction.

Most heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart. If the blood flow is blocked, the heart is starved of oxygen and heart muscle dies.

Many risk factors may lead to a heart attack.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF A HEART ATTACK?

A heart attack is a medical emergency.
Chest pain is the most common symptom of a heart attack. You may feel the pain in only one part of your body, or it may move from your chest to your arms, shoulder, neck, teeth, jaw, belly area, or back.
The pain can be severe or mild. 

It can feel like:
* A tight band around the chest
* Bad indigestion
* Something heavy sitting on your chest
* Squeezing or heavy pressure

The pain usually lasts longer than a few minutes. Symptoms may also go away and come back.

Other symptoms of a heart attack can include:
* Anxiety
* Cough
* Fainting
* Light-headedness, dizziness
* Nausea or vomiting
* Palpitations (feeling like your heart is beating too fast or irregularly)
* Shortness of breath
* Sweating, which may be very heavy

Some people (the elderly, people with diabetes, and women) may have little or no chest pain. Or, they may have unusual symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness). A "silent heart attack" is a heart attack with no symptoms.

Not everyone having a heart attack has typical symptoms. If you've already had a heart attack, your symptoms may not be the same for another one. 

Symptoms may include:

* Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain in the center of your chest. It lasts more than a few minutes, or goes away and comes back.
* Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach.
* Shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort.
* Other signs such as breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness.
* As with men, women's most common heart attack symptom is chest pain or discomfort. But women are somewhat more likely than men to experience some of the other common symptoms, particularly shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting and back or jaw pain.

CAN I HAVE EARLY SYMPTOMS BEFORE A HEART ATTACK?

While a heart attack may seem like a sudden event, many patients experience early symptoms days or even weeks before the actual heart attack.

Early symptoms are often similar to symptoms of a heart attack-chest pain, shortness of breath, unusual fatigue or an irregular heart beat-but come and go and may worsen or happen more easily with each episode.

Chest pain or discomfort while you're at rest that lasts more than 5 to 10 minutes needs immediate medical attention. Symptoms may also be different for women, who more often experience dizziness, light-headedness and flu-like symptoms. If you have chest pain or other heart attack symptoms, call 911 and seek medical attention immediately. 

It is important to recognize early symptoms of an impending heart attack and to act quickly. Waiting is a mistake. Coronary artery disease that leads to a heart attack is often treatable. Interventions during these beginnings of a heart attack can help prevent significant damage to the heart muscle or even death. 
Be aware of the following signs and symptoms: 

* Shortness of breath without exertion, difficulty breathing when doing normal activities
* Heartburn can be an early sign of a heart attack, especially if the condition becomes chronic
* Discomfort or pain, everywhere from crushing to squeezing to pressure occurring in the chest and even other areas of the body; the shoulders, neck, and jaw are areas reportedly affected prior to a heart attack
* A feeling of impending doom, anxiety and fear, especially when combined with any of the other symptoms listed above

COMMON TESTS FOR HEART FAILURE

If you suspect you have symptoms of heart failure you should talk to your doctor (normally your primary care physician / GP).

Your doctor will likely perform a thorough examination of your body and will ask you about your symptoms, your medical history and your lifestyle. It is important that you answer any questions as honestly and accurately as possible so that your doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and can work with you to find the best treatment.

If your doctor suspects you have heart failure he or she will probably suggest you have certain tests. These tests will help to show whether your heart is working properly and, if not, where the problem lies.

This section explains the tests your doctor may want you to have and what the test can show. Click on any of the tests to learn more.

Themost common tests are:

·         Medical history and physical examination

·         Electrocardiogram (ECG)

·         Blood tests

·         Chest x-ray

·         Echocardiogram

Additional tests may be able to find out more about your heart failure or identify the cause. These include:

·         Lung function tests

·         Exercise testing

·         Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

·         Cardiac catheterisation and angiography

·         Nuclear medicines techniques

·         Multi-slice Computer Tomography (MSCT)

As the symptoms presented to the doctor may vary widely between patients you may only receive a few of these tests, and it is very unlikely you will receive all of them. If you have any concerns regarding your tests, you should discuss them with your doctor.

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Heart valve surgery in India: Repair and Replacement

Valves control the flow of blood by making it move in one direction through the different chambers or parts of the heart. If a valve is not working correctly, blood flow is impaired.For example, if a valve does not close properly, blood may leak between the chambers or flow backwards, a condition known as valve regurgitation, insufficiency, or incompetence. If a valve is narrowed (also called stenosed), blood flow through the heart may be restricted.

If the valve problem is minor, it may be treated with medication. But if the heart valve damage is severe, a procedure may be required to repair or replace the malfunctioning valve.

Valve repair or replacement may be required if a valve has been damaged by:

• Infection (endocarditis).
• Rheumatic heart disease.
• Congenital heart defect.
• Mitral and/or aortic valve disease.
• Normal aging and wear.

What is done?
There are a number of procedures for repairing or replacing valves. Surgery is commonly required, although there are some newer, non-surgical procedures.
Valve repair

Minimally invasive valve repair 

Unlike conventional surgery, minimally invasive surgery does not involve sawing through the breastbone and opening the chest. The surgeon watches the heart on a video screen and operates using long-handled surgical tools inserted through small incisions. In some cases, robotic arms are used. Minimally invasive valve repair is only available in some hospitals. It is also referred to as endoscopic or robotic heart surgery.

Non-surgical valve repair 
Percutaneous or catheter-based procedures are done without any incisions in the chest or stopping the heart. Instead, a thin flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin or the arm and then threaded up into the interior of the heart.

• Percutaneous or balloon valvuloplasty is used in people with stiffened or narrowed (stenosed) pulmonary, mitral or aortic valves (more commonly for the mitral than the aortic valve). A balloon tip on the end of the catheter is positioned in the narrowed valve and inflated to enlarge the opening or to crack open calcified tissue.
• Several methods of percutaneous mitral valve repair are being developed. These procedures are still in the developmental phase and are available in a limited number of centres. One example is edge-to-edge repair, which can be used in the case of a very leaky mitral valve in a patient who is considered high risk for a surgical repair or replacement. A delivery catheter holding a clip is advanced through the femoral vein from the groin into the left side of the heart, under general anesthesia. The clip is positioned beyond the leaky valve in an open position and then pulled back so that it catches the flaps of mitral valve. Once closed, the clip holds the leaflets together and stops the valve from leaking.

Valve Replacement 

If your heart valve can't be repaired, your surgeon will remove your damaged valve and replace it with an artificial (prosthetic) valve You may need heart valve replacement if you have valve narrowing (stenosis) or severely damaged valves affected by calcium buildup in the valves (calcification) or rheumatic disease. Surgeons perform procedures often to replace mitral or aortic valves, but your surgeon can replace any heartvalve.



Heart valve replacements include:

• Mechanical valve - It is made totally of mechanical parts that are tolerated well by the body. The bi-leaflet valve is used most often. It consists of two carbon leaflets in a ring covered with polyester knit fabric.
• Biological valve - Tissue valves (also called biologic or bioprosthetic valves) are made of human or animal tissue. Animal tissue heart valves may come from pig tissue (porcine) or cow tissue (bovine). Tissue valves may have some artificial parts to help give the valve support and to aid placement.
• Homograft valve (also called allograft) - It is an aortic or pulmonary human valve that has been removed from a donated human heart, preserved, and frozen under sterile conditions. A homograft may be used to replace a diseased aortic or pulmonary valve.

Minimally invasive valve replacement surgery 

In minimally invasive valve surgery, long-handled tools are inserted into the chest through four or more small incisions. While watching a video monitor, the surgeon manipulates the tools and conducts the surgery. In some cases, robotic arms may be used to manipulate the tools for the surgeon. Only some hospitals can offer minimally invasive valve surgery. This type of surgery is sometimes referred to as endoscopic or robotic heart surgery.

Non-surgical valve replacement 

Percutaneous valve replacement is a non-surgical approach to valve replacement that uses long, flexible tubes called catheters. Instead of opening the chest to operate on the heart, a catheter is inserted into an artery (usually in the groin or arm) and threaded through the blood vessels into the heart. Percutaneous valve replacement does not require stopping the heart or the use of a heart-lung machine.

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