Why is a
Angioplasty Done?
Deposition
of fatty substances in the coronary arteries (arteries supplying blood to the
heart), develops a blockage. This condition is called as ‘coronary artery
disease’ (CAD). This blockage creates a problem in the free flow of the blood
to your heart muscle. This situation might lead to a heart attack. Angioplasty
is a widely performed procedure that is used to treat heart problems caused by
blocked or narrowed coronary arteries (blood vessels that supply blood to the
heart muscle). This procedure is performed highly successfully by
interventional cardiologists at heart hospitals in India. The coronary
angioplasty, which normally takes between one to two hours, aims to remove or
reduce blockages in the coronary arteries and restore blood flow to the heart
muscle. The coronary angioplasty procedure is performed in a Cardiac
Catheterisation Lab . All cardiac speciality hospitals in India as well as most
of multi-speciality hospitals in India are equipped with Cath Labs
Procedure :
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Angioplasty
procedure involves insertion of catheter in your groin and hence before the
angioplasty procedure you would be given a mild sedative and some pain killers
to ensure that you remain relaxed during the procedure. Your doctor will insert
a catheter into an artery in your groin and gently manoeuvre it to the heart.
This catheter has a balloon at the tip and once the catheter reaches the site
of the blockage, the balloon on the end is inflated. This opens the blockage
and restores the proper flow of the blood to the heart. Often the device which
is called a stent is also placed at the site of blockage in order to keep the
artery open.
A
stent is a small, mesh like metallic device, which when placed at the site of blockage
acts as a support to keep the artery open thus maintaining the blood flow. Two
main varieties of stents are used. The first is a non medicated or bare stents
and the second is medicated or drug eluting stents. Both the stents serve the
function of supporting the open artery. The medicated stent in addition
releases drug locally at the treated site to reduce the chances of recurrence
of blockage at the same site.
·
·
Stents - Approximately 70% of angioplasty procedures also
involve stenting, which is the insertion of a small metal cylinder called a
stent into a blood vessel. In this procedure, a collapsed stent is placed over
the balloon at the tip of the catheter. When the balloon inflates, the stent
pops open and reinforces the artery walls. The balloon and catheter are then
withdrawn and the stent inside permanently. In a few weeks, tissue from the
artery lining grows over the stent.There are two types of stents. Bare-metal
stents are plain, untreated metal cylinders. Drug-eluting stents (also called
drug-coated stents) are coated with medication before they are placed in the
artery.
·
Rotablation
(Percutaneous Transluminal Rotational Atherectomy or PTRA) - A special catheter, with an acorn-shaped,
diamond-coated tip, is guided to the point of narrowing in the coronary artery.
The tip spins around at a high speed and grinds away the plaque on the arterial
walls. This process is repeated as needed to treat the blockage and improve
blood flow. The microscopic particles are washed safely away in your blood
stream and filtered out by your liver and spleen.
·
Drug-Eluting
Stents - A drug-eluting stent (DES) is a
coronary stent (a scaffold) placed into narrowed, diseased coronary artery. It
slowly releases a drug to block cell proliferation. This prevents fibrosis
that, together with clots (thrombus), could otherwise block the stented artery,
a process called restenosis. The stent is usually placed within the coronary
artery by an Interventional cardiologist during an angioplasty procedure.
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